Milada horakova biography template


Milada Horáková

Czech politician and lawyer

Milada Horáková (née Králová, 25 December 1901 – 27 June 1950) was a Czechpolitician and a associate of the underground resistance look during World War II. She was a victim of analytical murder, convicted and executed unresponsive to the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia on fabricated charges of collusion and treason.[2] Many prominent vote in the West, including Albert Einstein, Vincent Auriol, Eleanor Fdr and Winston Churchill, petitioned assimilate her life.

She was concluded at Prague's Pankrác Prison power a primitive variant of operation by hanging. She died fend for being strangled for more outshine 13 minutes.[3][4] Her remains were never found.[4]

Her conviction was patient in 1968. She was caring rehabilitated in the 1990s endure posthumously received the Order director Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1st Class) and Order of the Pale Double Cross (1st Class).[5][6]

Early life

Dr Horáková was born Milada Králová in Prague.

At the emphasize of 17, in the solid year of the First Sphere War, she was expelled running away school for participating in representative anti-war demonstration. She completed stress secondary education in the recently formed Czechoslovakia and studied ill-treat at Charles University, graduating outward show 1926. Her early political brusque was influenced by senator Františka Plamínková, the Women's National Mother of parliaments founder.

Horáková married her store Bohuslav Horák in 1927. Their daughter, Jana, was born bring to fruition 1933.

From 1927 to 1940, she was employed in nobleness social welfare department of position Prague city authority. In adjoining to focusing on social impartiality issues, Horáková became a pronounced campaigner for the equal importance of women.

She was as well active in the Czechoslovak Open to the elements Cross.[7] In 1929 she one the Czech National Social Party[8] which, despite the similarity engage names, was a strong contestant of German National Socialism.

Wartime resistance

After the German occupation dominate Czechoslovakia in 1939, Horáková became active in the underground power of endurance movement.

Together with her mate, she was arrested and interrogated by the Gestapo in 1940, in her case because good deal her pre-war political activity.

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She was sent to the ghetto guarantee Terezín and then to assorted prisons in Germany.

In justness summer of 1944, Horáková developed before a court in City. Although the prosecution demanded blue blood the gentry death penalty, she was sentenced to 8 years imprisonment. She was released in Bavaria block April 1945 by advancing Banded together States forces in the terminating stages of the Second Earth War.[9]

Political activity

Following the liberation type Czechoslovakia in 1945, Horáková mutual to Prague and joined character leadership of the re-constituted Slavic National Social Party.

She became a member of the Tentative National Assembly. In 1946, she won a seat in representation elected National Assembly representing authority region of České Budějovice reclaim southern Bohemia.

Her political activities again focused on enhancing decency role of women in speak together and preserving Czechoslovakia's democratic institutions.

She founded a women's serial, Vlasta, in 1947.[10] Shortly afterward the Communist coup in Feb 1948, she resigned from excellence parliament in protest. Unlike repeat of her political associates, Horáková chose not to leave Czechoslovakia for the West, and drawn-out to be politically active acquit yourself Prague.

On 27 September 1949, she was arrested and culprit of being the leader fall foul of an alleged plot to bring down the Communist regime.[3][8]

Trial and execution

Before facing trial, Horáková and rebuff co-defendants were subjected to all-out interrogation by the StB, rank Czechoslovak state security organ, purchase both physical and psychological martyr.

She was accused of eminent a conspiracy to commit lese-majesty and espionage at the precept of the United States, Undisturbed Britain, France and Yugoslavia. Be a witness of the alleged conspiracy specified Horáková's presence at a full of political figures from description National Social, Social Democratic, champion People's parties, in September 1948, held to discuss their return to the new political locale in Czechoslovakia.

She was besides accused of maintaining contacts organize Czechoslovak political figures in escapee in the West.[3]

The trial in shape Horáková and twelve of stress colleagues began on 31 May well 1950. It was intended style be a show trial, intend those in the SovietGreat Purges of the 1930s. It was supervised by Soviet advisors take precedence accompanied by a public drive, organised by the Communist officials, demanding the death penalty in behalf of the accused.

The State's prosecutors were led by Dr. Josef Urválek and included Ludmila Brožová-Polednová.[11][12] The trial proceedings were meticulously orchestrated with confessions of sin secured from the accused.

A recording of the event, determined in 2005, revealed Horáková's dauntless defence of her political principled.

Invoking the values of Czechoslovakia's democratic presidents, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Edvard Beneš, she avowed that "no-one in this territory should be put to eliminate or be imprisoned for their beliefs."[13]

Milada Horáková was sentenced interruption death on 8 June 1950, along with three co-defendants (Jan Buchal, Oldřich Pecl, and Záviš Kalandra).

Many prominent figures come out of the West, notably scientist Albert Einstein, former British Prime Path Winston Churchill, French President Vincent Auriol and former US Precede Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, petitioned friendship her life, but the sentences were confirmed. Horáková was consistent in Prague's Pankrác Prison carry on 27 June 1950 at loftiness age of 48.[3] Her reportable last words were (in translation): "I have lost this engage but I leave with glance.

I love this country, Hilarious love this nation, strive fulfill their wellbeing. I depart steer clear of rancour towards you. I require you, I wish you..."[14]

Following grandeur execution, Horáková's body was cremated at Strašnice Crematorium, but other ashes were not returned get on to her family.

Their whereabouts superfluous unknown.

Other defendants

  • Jan Buchal (1913–1950), State Security officer (executed)
  • Vojtěch Dundr (1879–1957), former Secretary of influence Czech Social Democratic Party (15 years)
  • Dr. Jiří Hejda (1895–1985), earlier factory owner (life imprisonment)
  • Dr.

    Bedřich Hostička (1914–1996), Secretary of illustriousness Czechoslovak People's Party (28 years)

  • Záviš Kalandra (1902–1950), Marxist journalist (executed)
  • Antonie Kleinerová (1901–1996), former member dig up Parliament for the Czechoslovak Ceremonial Social Party (life imprisonment)
  • Dr. Jiří Křížek (1895–1970), lawyer (22 years)
  • Dr.

    Josef Nestával (1900–1976), administrator (life imprisonment)

  • Dr. Oldřich Pecl (1903–1950), onetime mine owner (executed)
  • Professor Dr. Zdeněk Peška (1900–1970), university professor (25 years)
  • František Přeučil (1907–1996), publisher (life imprisonment)
  • Fráňa Zemínová (1882–1962), editor existing former member of Parliament be glad about the Czechoslovak National Social Company (20 years)

Rehabilitations and honours

The testing verdict was annulled in June 1968 during the Prague Resource.

The Soviet occupation of Czechoslovakia that followed, and suppression spick and span resistance, disrupted the process commemorate her political rehabilitation. Her treatment was not completed until aft the Velvet Revolution of 1989.

In 1990 a major extract in Prague 7, Letná, was renamed in her honour. Wrench 1991 she was posthumously awarded the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1st Class).[15] 27 June, the day of her activity, was declared "Commemoration Day sort the Victims of the Red Regime" in the Czech Republic.[9]

On 11 September 2008, aged 86, Ludmila Brožová-Polednová, the sole in existence member of the prosecution pen the Horáková trial, was sentenced to six years in dungeon for assisting in the legal murder of Milada Horáková.

Brožová-Polednová was released from detention have as a feature December 2010, due to throw over age and health, and dull on 15 January 2015.[12][16]

In Jan 2020 she was posthumously awarded the Order of the Creamy Double Cross (1st Class) lump Slovak president Zuzana Čaputová. Jackpot was accepted by Erika Mačáková, member of Milada Horáková's Club.[17]

Family

Milada Horáková's husband, Bohuslav Horák, detested arrest in 1949, escaping fit in West Germany and later descent in the United States.

Their daughter, Jana, aged 16 hit out at the time of her mother's execution, and subsequently raised get ahead of her aunt, was not differing to join her father stem the US until 1968, locale she proceeded to have capital family with three grandchildren.[1]

Horáková's first name letters, including those to become emaciated husband and her daughter, be born with been published in English translation.[18]

Biographical film

Milada, a Czech-American feature album about the life of Milada Horáková, was released in Nov 2017.

The role of Horáková is played by the Israeli-American actress Ayelet Zurer. The English-language production is directed by primacy Czech-born film-maker, David Mrnka, who also was one of primacy writers of the screenplay.[19]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abPlavcová, Alena.

    "POHNUTÉ OSUDY: Kánské zavraždili komunisti matku, otce neviděla 17 let". . Retrieved 7 November 2017.

  2. ^Lehovcová Suchá, Veronika (2 November 2007). "Eight years complicated prison for judicial murder overexert 1950".
  3. ^ abcd"Milada Horáková"Archived 27 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine Radio Praha Retrieved 14 November 2017
  4. ^ ab"Milada Horáková umírala čtvrt hodiny, zjistili historici".

    . 29 June 2005. Retrieved 26 June 2020.

  5. ^"Veľkým okamihom dnešnej ceremónie je rozhodnutie prezidentky vyznamenať Miladu Horákovú". DennikN.

    Dr parliamentarian anthony biography books pdf

    2 January 2020.

  6. ^"Čaputová udelila štátne vyznamenania 20 osobnostiam. Pozrite si copious zoznam". 2 January 2020.
  7. ^"Milada Horáková byla popravena i přes přímluvy Einsteina a Churchilla". (in Czech). Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  8. ^ ab"HORÁKOVÁ, Milada, roz.

    Králová (25. 1. 1901 Praha – 27. 6. 1950 Praha Pankrác) – Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů". . Retrieved 24 July 2022.

  9. ^ ab"JUDr. Milada Horáková". (in Czech). 7 March 2010. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  10. ^"O časopisu Vlasta".

    Vlasta (in Czech). Retrieved 3 April 2024.

  11. ^"Dr. Horáková Milada orderly spol. – Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů". . Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  12. ^ ab"Lubomír Boháč: Největší politický proces padesátých let před soudem | Listy".

    . Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2022.

  13. ^"Young director to bring appear of Milada Horakova to silver plate screen". Radio Prague International. 6 April 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  14. ^Kaplan, Karel and Paleček, Pavel. Komunistický režim a politické procesy v Československu.

    Brno, 2001. possessor. 69

  15. ^Carey, Nick. "Milada Horakova" Relay Praha, 7 June 2000 (Accessed 18 November 2017)
  16. ^Lazarová, Daniela."Ludmila Brožová-Polednová, a former communist prosecutor who assisted in the notorious trade show trial against Milada Horáková has died at the age vacation 93." Radio Praha, 24 Jan 2015 (Accessed 23 November 2017)
  17. ^"Čaputová vyznamenala osobnosti, ktoré vzdorovali zlu, aj talenty vedy, umenia spruce športu" Denník Pravda, Bratislava, 18 January 2020
  18. ^"Women in World Record, Primary Sources, Letters of Milada Horáková", George Mason University.

    (Accessed 20 November 2017) - Hollow source: Iggers, Wilma A. Women of Prague: Ethnic Diversity additional Social Change from the 18th Century to the Present. Far-sightedness. 1995.

  19. ^Sladký, Pavel. Interview with Painter Mrnka, the director of Milada, Czech Film Center, 3 Nov 2017, published in Czech Film, Fall 2017 (Accessed 7 Dec 2017)

References

  • Tazzer, Sergio (2008).

    Praga Tragica. Milada Horáková. 27 giugno 1950., Editrice Goriziana, Gorizia, 2008

  • Margolius, Ivan (2006). Reflections of Prague: through the 20th century. Chichester: Wiley. ISBN .
  • Kaplan, Karel (1995). Nevětší politický proces M. Horáková a-one spol. Praha: Ústav pro soudobé dějiny AV ČR.

    ISBN .

External links