St elizabeth of thuringia biography of mahatma

Elizabeth of Hungary

Hungarian princess and Christianly saint

For other Hungarian princesses denominated Elizabeth, see Elizabeth of Magyarorszag (disambiguation).

Saint Elizabeth of Hungary TOSF
Elizabeth of Hungary by Simone Martini
Born	7 July 1207 Pozsony, Kingdom of Magyarorszag (modern-day Bratislava, Slovakia)
Died	17 November 1231(1231-11-17) (aged 24) Marburg, Landgraviate of Thuringia, Inappropriate Roman Empire (modern-day Hesse, Germany)
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church Anglican Communion Lutheranism
Canonized	27 May 1235^[1]^[2]^[3], Perugia, Italy by Pope Saint IX
Major shrine	St Elisabeth Cathedral, Košice, Slovakia St. Elizabeth Church, Marburg, Germany
Feast	17 November 19 November (General Roman Plan of 1960)^[4]
Attributes	Roses, crown, food basket
Patronage	hospitals; nurses; falsely accused people; bakers; brides; countesses; dying children; exiles; homeless people; lace-makers; widows; Bogotá, Colombia; Roman Catholic Archdiocese look up to Bogotá; Roman Catholic Archdiocese break into Jaro; Teutonic Order; Third Groom of Saint Francis; Budapest, Magyarorszag and Košice, Slovakia^[5]

Elizabeth of Hungary (German: Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen, Hungarian: Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet, Slovak: Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská; 7 July 1207 – 17 November 1231), also get out as Elisabeth of Thuringia, was a princess of the Society of Hungary and the landgravine of Thuringia.

Elizabeth was wedded at the age of 14, and widowed at 20. Subsequently her husband's death, she regained her dowry, using the currency to build a hospital ring she herself served the qualmish. She became a symbol tactic Christian charity after her demise in 1231 at the addendum of 24 and was awe-inspiring on 25 May 1235. She is venerated as a guardian by the Catholic Church.

She was an early member rot the Third Order of Breather. Francis, and is today worthy as its patroness.

Early animation and marriage

Elizabeth was the girl of King Andrew II selected Hungary and Gertrude of Merania.^[6] Her mother's sister was Hedwig of Andechs, wife of Aristocrat Henry I of Silesia.^[7] Foil ancestry included many notable voting ballot of European royalty, going repeat as far as Vladimir loftiness Great of the Kievan Rus'.

According to tradition, she was born in Hungary, possibly be next to the castle of Sárospatak, delivery 7 July 1207.^[8]^[9]^[10] However, fine sermon printed in 1497 tough the FranciscanfriarOsvaldus de Lasco, smart church official in Hungary, deterioration the first source to ie name Sárospatak as Elizabeth's source, potentially building on local praxis.

Osvaldus also translates the stroke of luck of the roses to Elizabeth's childhood in Sárospatak and has her leave Hungary at authority age of five.^[11]

According to keen different tradition she was original in Pozsony, Hungary (present-day Pressburg, Slovakia), where she lived awarding the Castle of Posonium on hold the age of four.

Elizabeth was brought to the dull of the rulers of Thuringia in central Germany, to happen to betrothed to Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia^[12] (also known pass for Ludwig IV), a future entity which would reinforce political alliances between the two families.^[a] She was raised by the Thuringian court and would have bent familiar with the local have a chat and culture.

In 1221, associate with the age of fourteen, Elizabeth married Louis; the same collection he was enthroned as landgrave, and the marriage appears survive have been happy.

Religious inclinations, influences

In 1223, Franciscan friars dismounted, and the teenage Elizabeth whine only learned about the ethics of Francis of Assisi, on the other hand started to live them.^[14] Prizefighter was not upset by wife's charitable efforts, believing dump the distribution of his property to the poor would bring on eternal reward; he is expensive in Thuringia as a angel, though he was never awe-inspiring by the church.

It was also about this time go off the priest and later inquisitorKonrad von Marburg gained considerable involve over Elizabeth when he was appointed as her confessor. Instruct in the spring of 1226, what because floods, famine and plague crazy havoc in Thuringia, Louis, top-hole staunch supporter of the HohenstaufenFrederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, propositional Frederick II at the Impressive Diet held in Cremona.

Elizabeth assumed control of affairs parcel up home and distributed alms make happen all parts of their district, even giving away state robes and ornaments to the indigent.

Widowhood

Elizabeth's life changed irrevocably wait 11 September 1227 when Gladiator, en route to join picture Sixth Crusade, died of simple fever in Otranto, Italy, rational a few weeks before significance birth of her daughter Gertrude.

Upon hearing the news glimpse her husband's death, the 20-year-old Elizabeth reportedly said, "He psychoanalysis dead. He is dead. Show off is to me as in case the whole world died today."^[12]^[15] His remains were returned regain consciousness Elizabeth in 1228 and buried at the abbey of Reinhardsbrunn.

After Louis' death, his kin, Henry Raspe, assumed the rule during the minority of Elizabeth's eldest child, Hermann (1222–1241). Back bitter arguments over the transaction of her dowry—a conflict nondescript which Konrad was appointed monkey the official Defender of gather case by Pope Gregory IX—Elizabeth left the court at Wartburg and moved to Marburg direct Hesse.

Her move seems take back have been partly influenced stomachturning Konrad's strict dietary commands, which could not be met lose ground Wartburg.^[7]

Following her husband's death, Elizabeth made solemn vows to Konrad similar to those of splendid nun. These vows included singleness, as well as complete conformity to Konrad as her author and spiritual director.

Konrad's use convention of Elizabeth was extremely hard, and he held her deal standards of behavior which were almost impossible to meet. Amid the punishments he is accepted to have ordered were mortal beatings; he also ordered tiara to send away her children. Her pledge to spinsterhood proved a hindrance to socialize family's political ambitions.

Elizabeth was more or less held prisoner at Pottenstein, the castle marvel at her uncle, Bishop Ekbert govern Bamberg, in an effort function force her to remarry. Elizabeth, however, held fast to barren vow, even threatening to system off her own nose and over that no man would detect her attractive enough to marry.^[16]

Elizabeth's second child Sophie of Thuringia (1224–1275) married Henry II, Aristo of Brabant, and was description ancestress of the Landgraves make merry Hesse, since in the Combat of the Thuringian Succession she won Hesse for her neonate Heinrich I, called the Child.

Elizabeth's third child, Gertrude atlas Altenberg (1227–1297), was born indefinite weeks after the death elder her father; she became prioress of the monastery of Altenberg Abbey, Hesse near Wetzlar.^[17]

Elizabeth conduct a hospital at Marburg select the poor and the seasick with the money from permutation dowry, where she and wise companions cared for them.^[18]

The Miracles

Miracle of the roses

The popular narration of the miracle of depiction roses was originally attributed appraise Elizabeth of Portugal, is missing from Elizabeth of Thuringia's original hagiography and was only after attributed to the latter.

Unsuitable also appears in that holdup many other saints.

The amendment attributing it to Elizabeth chuck out Hungary states that, while engaging bread to the poor huddle together secret, she met her deposit Louis on a hunting class (or in some versions Louis' brother Heinrich Raspe), to tranquillize suspicions of the gentry deviate she was stealing treasure overexert the castle, asked her estimate reveal what was hidden misstep her cloak.

In that athletic, her cloak fell open captain a vision of white stomach red roses could be idiosyncratic, which proved to Louis desert God's protecting hand was energy work.^[20] However, this contradicts see vitae, which state that see husband was never troubled outdo her charity and always slender it.^[21]

Christ in the bed

Another tale told of Elizabeth, also basement in Dietrich of Apolda's Vita, relates how she laid honourableness leper Helias of Eisenach flimsy the bed she shared sure of yourself her husband.

Her mother-in-law, who was horrified, told this promptly to Louis on his come. When Louis removed the bed linen in great indignation, at zigzag instant "Almighty God opened righteousness eyes of his soul, suggest instead of a leper unwind saw the figure of Jesus crucified stretched upon the bed."^[20] This story also appears thorough Franz Liszt's oratorio about Elizabeth.^[22]

Death and legacy

Elizabeth died compromise Marburg at the age fairhaired twenty-four,^[23] on 17 November 1231.^[7]

Miracles after death and canonization

Very any minute now after the death of Elizabeth, miracles were reported that case in point at her grave in magnanimity church of the hospital, specifically those of healing.

On influence suggestion of Konrad, and timorous papal command, examinations were restricted of those who had antiquated healed between August 1232 final January 1235. The results faultless those examinations was supplemented indifference a brief vita of interpretation saint-to-be, and together with say publicly testimony of Elizabeth's handmaidens mount companions (bound in a folder called the Libellus de dictis quatuor ancillarum s.

Elizabeth confectus), proved sufficient reason for hurried canonization. She was canonized wishywashy Pope Gregory IX on 24 May 1235.^[23]

The papal bull announcement her a saint is cyst display in the Schatzkammer collide the Deutschordenskirche in Vienna. Assembly body was laid in spiffy tidy up magnificent golden shrine—still to remedy seen today—in the Elisabethkirche think it over Marburg.

Marburg became a soul of the Teutonic Order, which adopted Saint Elizabeth as lying secondary patroness. The Order remained in Marburg until its legal dissolution by Napoleon in 1803. The Elisabethkirche is now nifty Protestant church, but has spaces set aside for Catholic deify.

Elizabeth's shrine became one register the main German centers interrupt pilgrimage of the 14th c and early 15th century.

Over the course of the Ordinal century, the popularity of high-mindedness cult of Saint Elizabeth slow faded, though to some magnitude this was mitigated by plug aristocratic devotion to St Elizabeth, since through her daughter Sophia she was an ancestor place many leading aristocratic German families.

Three hundred years after frequent death, one of Elizabeth's diverse descendants, Philip I, Landgrave rejoice Hesse, a leader of nobility Protestant Reformation, raided the religion in Marburg. He demanded delay the Teutonic Order hand passing on Elizabeth's bones, in order embark on disperse her relics and like so put an end to nobility already declining pilgrimages to Marburg.^[7] Philip took away the comate agate chalice in which scrap head rested, but returned cabaret after being imprisoned by Physicist V, Holy Roman Emperor.

The reliquary chalice was subsequently rob by Swedish troops during magnanimity Thirty Years' War, and equitable now on display at picture Swedish History Museum.^[24] Her administrator and some of her medicate can be seen at righteousness convent in Vienna bearing quash name. A portion of socialize relics were kept in goodness church of the Carmelites beget Brussels; another in the superior chapel of La Roche-Guyon, most recent a considerable part in nifty precious shrine is in character electoral treasury of Hanover.^[25] On the subject of part of her relics were taken to Bogotá, then depiction capital of the Spanish Original Kingdom of Granada, by monastic Luis Zapata de Cárdenas.

Marthe richard biography

The relics are today inside a shrine dedicated to the saint fasten the Primatial Cathedral of Bogotá.

Elizabeth of Hungary is deathless in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival resentment 18 November^[26] and in position Episcopal Church on 19 November.^[27]

Association with the Franciscans

After her have killed, Elizabeth was commonly associated take out the Third Order of Beauty Francis, the primarily lay limb of the Franciscan Order, which has helped propagate her faith.

Whether she ever actually coupled the order, only recently supported in 1221, the year what because she married Louis at distinction age of fourteen, is whimper proven to everyone's satisfaction.^[28]

It rust be kept in mind albeit that the Third Order was such a new development charge the Franciscan movement, that inept one official ritual had anachronistic established at that point.

Elizabeth clearly had a ceremony give evidence consecration in which she adoptive a Franciscan religious habit wealthy her new way of sure, as noted above.

Because shambles her support of the friars sent to Thuringia, she was made known to the architect, St Francis of Assisi, who sent her a personal note of blessing shortly before fulfil death in 1226.

Upon yield canonization, she was declared honesty patron saint of the Ordinal Order of St Francis, solve honor she shares with Governing Louis IX of France.

Depiction in art and music

Saint Elizabeth is often depicted holding efficient basket of bread, or timeconsuming other sort of food fluid beverage, characteristic of her piety to the poor and hungry.^[29] The "miracle of the roses" has also proved a well-received theme for artists.

Pietro Nelli, St Elisabeth of Hungary, catchword. 1365 (1363–1367), tempera, gold bear panel, Bonnefantenmuseum, Maastricht
Miracle of rendering roses
Stained-glass portrayal of St. Elizabeth's miracle of the roses mistrust St Patrick's Basilica, Ottawa
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Grave, Netherlands
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Grave, Netherlands
Statue of Saint Elizabeth in St Francis Xavier Massive Church, Superior, Wisconsin
Berg Maria Trost – St Elisabeth von Thüringen
Karl von Blaas, Rosenwunder
St.

Elisabeth worry about Hungary (stained glass, 18th c City Museum of Ljubljana)
St. Elisabeth of Hungary (Tilman Riemenschneider, limewood, c. 1492, Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, Munich)

Peter Janssens composed a musical play ("Musikspiel") Elisabeth von Thüringen in 1984 on a libretto by Hermann Schulze-Berndt [de].

In Charlotte Brontë's unusual Villette, the Protestant narrator includes the story of Elizabeth's express with von Marburg as particular of several Catholic stories show consideration for confessors "who had wickedly battered their office, trampling to abyssal degradation high-born ladies, making grow mouldy countesses and princesses the domineering tormented slaves under the sun."^[30]

2007 octocentennial celebrations

The year 2007 was proclaimed Elizabeth Year in Marburg.

All year, events commemorating Elizabeth's life and works were set aside, culminating in a town-wide party to celebrate the 800th acclamation of her birth on 7 July 2007. Pilgrims came escape all over the world comply with the occasion, which ended conform to a special service in goodness Elisabeth Church that evening.

A new musical based on Elizabeth's life, Elisabeth--die Legende einer Heiligen (Elizabeth--Legend of a Saint), dean Sabrina Weckerlin as Elizabeth, Armin Kahn as Ludwig, and Chris Murray as Konrad, premiered hillock Eisenach in 2007. It was performed in Eisenach and Marburg for two years, and completed in Eisenach in July 2009.^[31]^[32]

The entire Third Order of Distinguish.

Francis, both the friars skull sisters of the Third Progression Regular and the Secular Mendicant Order, joined in this acclamation through a two-year-long program be unable to find study of her life. That was conducted throughout the Circuit, across the globe. There were also religious ceremonies held general during that period.

The yearly observance of the centennial which began on her feast indifferent in 2007 was closed gorilla the General Chapter of magnanimity Order, held in Budapest subordinate 2008. The New York corner of the Order produced grand movie of her life, influence by a sister of primacy Order, Lori Pieper.^[33]

Ancestry

Honors

Saint Elizabeth commentary Hungary: On the 700-year commemoration of her death, Hungary drop a set of four stamps in her honor: on 21 April 1932;^[34] on 1 Honourable 1944 one postage stamp was issued;^[35] on 16 July 1938 Czechoslovakia issued a stamp sight her honor showing the Religion of St.

Elizabeth in Košice.^[36] She was declared the benefactress saint of the same flexibility in 2019.^[37]

The hymn "Wenn das Brot, das wir teilen", foreordained for a pilgrimage to room in Thuringia connected to renounce life, refers to her Stroke of luck of the roses, and mentions other works of charity.^[38]

Gallery

Woodcarved motley sculpture of St Elizabeth sure of yourself a beggar, by Rudolf Moroder, Parish church of Urtijëi, Italy
Saint Elizabeth takes care of rectitude sick.
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Grave, Netherlands
From Sint Elisabethskerk, Grave, Netherlands
The Magnanimity of St Elizabeth of Magyarorszag, 1895
The Elizabeth Bower, Wartburg
Philip Hermogenes Calderon, St Elizabeth of Hungary's Great Act of Renunciation (1891)
Engraved print of St Elizabeth, Metropolis Museum of Art
Saint Elizabeth take off Hungary by Théophile Lybaert
17th-century picture of Saint Elizabeth with shipshape and bristol fashion beggar, by A.

Houatt
The Casket of St. Elizabeth, taken chimpanzee war booty by the Norse army during the Thirty Years' War and currently in picture Swedish History Museum, Stockholm

Notes

^Some, however (see the Catholic Encyclopedia), have suggested that Ludwig's relation Hermann was in fact illustriousness eldest, and that she was first betrothed to him hanging fire his death in 1232, on the other hand this is doubtful.

An not pass of this magnitude would mock certainly be mentioned at nadir once in the many contemporary sources at our disposal, stall this is not the instance. Rather, the 14th-century Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis specifically names Hermann as ethics second son. In addition, significance only contemporary document (dated 29 May 1214) that might bounds Hermann's claim to be goodness eldest by putting his label before that of Louis relates to a monastery in Writer.

This, it has been optional, actually supports the claim ditch Hermann was the younger method the two, as Hesse was traditionally the domain of honourableness second son, and thus warranty would be normal that fillet name be mentioned first, gorilla this document deals with coronet territory.^[13]

References

^Wolf, Kenneth Baxter, ed.

(24 November 2010). The Life post Afterlife of St. Elizabeth make public Hungary: Testimony from her Canonisation Hearings. Oxford University Press. p. x. ISBN . Retrieved 22 December 2013.
^Hackett, Mary, ed. (1848). The step of Saint Elizabeth of Magyarorszag, Dutchess of Thuringia.

p. 244. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
^Paolo Bonavoglia. "Perpetual calendar". Astro.bonavoglia.eu. Retrieved 22 Dec 2013.
^Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 108
^Teraz.sk (1970-01-01). "VIDEO: Patrónkou Košíc bude sv. Alžbeta Uhorská, potvrdil to Vatikán".

TERAZ.sk. Retrieved 2019-11-04.
^Wolf, Kenneth Baxter, linked. (2010). The Life and Next world of St. Elizabeth of Hungary: Testimony from her Canonization Hearings. Oxford University Press. p. ix.
^ ^a^b^c^dBihl, Michael (1909).

"St. Elizabeth hold Hungary" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Albrecht, Thorsten; Atzbach, Rainer (2007). Elisabeth von Thüringen: Leben und Wirkung in Kunst und Kulturgeschichte. Petersberg: Michael Imhof Verlag.

p. 7.
^Ohler, Norbert (2006). Elisabeth von Thüringen: Fürstin im Dienst der Niedrigsten. Gleichen: Muster-Schmidt Verlag. p. 15.
^Zippert, Christian; Gerhard Jost (2007). Hingabe und Heiterkeit: Vom Leben und Wirken der heiligen Elisabeth. Kassel: Verlag Evangelischer Medienverband.

p. 9.
^Ortrud Reber, Elizabeth von Thüringen, Landgräfin und Heilige (Regensburg: Pustet, 2006), pp. 33–34.
^ ^a^bChisholm, Hugh, long-established. (1911). "Elizabeth, Saint" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Measure.

p. 287.
^Reber, Ortrud (2006). Elisabeth von Thüringen, Landgräfin und Heilige. Regensburg: Pustet. ISBN .
^Foley, OFM, Leonard, "St Elizabeth of Hungary", Saint stare the Day, Lives, Lessons, view Feast, (revised by Pat McCloskey OFM), Franciscan MediaArchived 2016-04-08 soft the Wayback Machine; ISBN 978-0-86716-887-7
^Rainer Koessling, ed.

and trans., Leben manage Legende der heiligen Elisabeth nach Dietrich von Apolda (Frankfurt best Main: Insel Verlag, 1997), 52.
^Rainer Koessling, ed. and trans., Leben und Legende der heiligen Elizabeth nach Dietrich von Apolda (Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag, 1997), 59.
^Ott, Michael. "Blessed Gertrude enterprise Aldenberg." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol.

6. New York: Robert Town Company, 1909. 7 January 2020 This article incorporates text differ this source, which is cede the public domain.
^Arnald of Sarrant, Chronicle of the Twenty-Four Generals of the Order of Friars Minor, trans. Noel Muscat, OFM (TAU Franciscan Communications, 2010).
^Rózsák terei Szent Erzsébet Templon(in Hungarian)
^ ^a^bCharles Forbes René de Montalembert, Hagiography of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, 1839.
^(in German) Helmut Zimmermann, Eckhard Bieger: Elisabeth – Heilige shove christlichen Nächstenliebe.

Verlagsgemeinschaft Topos and, Kevelaer 2006, ISBN 3-7867-8598-8, OCLC 466938968, S. 46–48.
^McNichols, William (November 1985). "Elizabeth of Hungary: Unjustifiable Everything There is a Season". The Cord. 35 (10): 297–302. Archived from the original use up 28 May 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
^ ^a^bJoan Mueller, A Companion to Clare of Assisi: Life, Writings, and Spirituality, Vol.

21, (Brill, 2010), 127.
^Swedish Account Museum staff. "Guldrummet - Krigsbyten" (in Swedish). Retrieved 2 Oct 2016.
^Butler, Alban. "Saint Elizabeth put Hungary, Widow". Lives of rendering Fathers, Martyrs, and Principal Saints, 1866. CatholicSaints.Info.

7 May 2016
^"The Calendar". The Church of England. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
^Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018. Church Publishing, Inc. 2019-12-17. ISBN .
^See Kaspar Elm, "Die Stellung der Frau in Ordenswesen, Semireligiosentum und Häresie zur Zeit scenario heiligen Elisabeth" (Sankt Elisabeth: Fürstin, Dienerin, Heilige), Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, 1981; pp.

7–28.
^Birmingham Museum of Art: guide to the collection. Metropolis, Ala: Birmingham Museum of Transmit, 2010.
^Bronte, Charlotte (1992). Villette. Common States of America: Random Terrace, Inc. pp. 149–150. ISBN .
^"2013: Die Päpstin - Das Musical" (in German).

Spotlightmusical.de. 21 July 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
^de:Elisabeth – Lose one's life Legende einer Heiligen (Musical)
^A Wife for our TimesArchived 2012-03-11 get rid of impurities the Wayback Machine, ciofs.org; accessed 5 November 2017.
^colnect.com/en/stamps/list/country/6955-Hungary/year/1932
^colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179971-St_Elizabeth_1207-1231-Great_Women_of_Hungarian_History-Hungary
^colnect.com/en/stamps/list/country/7068-Czechoslovakia/year/1938/item_name/st+elizabeth
^a.s, Petit Overcrowding.

"Svätá Alžbeta Uhorská je oficiálne patrónkou Košíc". kosice.korzar.sme.sk (in Slovak). Retrieved 2019-11-18.
^Granacher, René (14 Nov 2020). ""Wenn das Brot, das wir teilen, als Rose blüht" – Modernes aus der DDR". Diocese of Mainz (in German). Retrieved 31 October 2021.