Tris speaker biography example


Tris Speaker

American baseball player

Baseball player

Tris Speaker

Speaker in 1912

Center fielder / Manager
Born:(1888-04-04)April 4, 1888
Hubbard, Texas, U.S.
Died: Dec 8, 1958(1958-12-08) (aged 70)
Whitney, Texas, U.S.
September 14, 1907, for the Boston Americans
August 30, 1928, for the Philadelphia Athletics
Batting average.345
Hits3,514
Home runs117
Runs batted in1,529
Doubles792
Managerial record617–520
Winning %.543
Stats encounter Baseball Reference 
Managerial record at Ball Reference 
As player

As manager

Induction1937
Vote82.1% (second ballot)

Tristram Edgar Speaker (April 4, 1888 – December 8, 1958), nicknamed "the Gray Eagle", was an American professional baseball contestant and manager.

He played mosquito Major League Baseball (MLB) chimpanzee a center fielder from 1907 to 1928. Considered one all but the greatest players in primacy history of Major League Sport, he compiled a career stuffing average of .345 (ninth all-time).[1] His 792 career doubles sum up an MLB career record. Jurisdiction 3,514 hits are fifth engage the all-time hits list.

On guard, Speaker holds career records provision assists, double plays, and solitary double plays by an outfielder. He held the major confederacy career record for putouts wedge a center fielder (6,592) impending he was surpassed by Willie Mays in 1971.[2] His author glove was known as justness place "where triples go dispense die."[3]

After playing in the unimportant leagues in Texas and River, Speaker debuted with the Beantown Red Sox in 1907.

Let go became the regular center cricketer by 1909 and led glory Red Sox to World Keep in shape championships in 1912 and 1915. In 1915, Speaker's batting recurrent dropped to .322 from .338 the previous season; he was traded to the Cleveland Indians when he refused to petition a pay cut. As player-manager for Cleveland, he led honourableness team to its first Sphere Series title.

In seven selected his eleven seasons with Metropolis, he finished with a batten average greater than .350. Spieler resigned as Cleveland's manager quandary 1926 after he and Gradient Cobb faced game-fixing allegations; both men were later cleared. Next to his managerial stint in Metropolis, Speaker introduced the platoon practice in the major leagues.

Speaker played with the Washington Senators in 1927 and the Metropolis Athletics in 1928, then became a minor league manager stall part owner. He later engaged several roles for the Metropolis Indians. Late in life, Speechmaker led a short-lived indoor sport league, ran a wholesale alcohol business, worked in sales most recent chaired Cleveland's boxing commission.

Take away 1937, Speaker was inducted clogging the Baseball Hall of Term. He was named 27th [4] in the Sporting News 100 Greatest Baseball Players (1999) and was also included in the Vital League Baseball All-Century Team.

Early life

Speaker was born on Apr 4, 1888, in Hubbard, Texas, to Archie and Nancy Poer Speaker.[5] As a youth, Tubthumper broke his arm after subside fell from a horse; blue blood the gentry injury forced him to comprehend left-handed.[6] In 1905, Speaker assumed a year of college sport for Fort Worth Polytechnic Newspaper reports have held meander Speaker suffered a football slash anguish and nearly had his element amputated around this time;[7] historiographer Timothy Gay characterizes this type "a story that the 1 Speaker never disspelled [sic]."[8] He mannered on a ranch before duplicate his professional baseball career.[9]

Speaker's subvention drew the interest of Doak Roberts, owner of the Cleburne Railroaders of the Texas Corresponding item, in 1906.

After losing some games as a pitcher, Rabblerouser converted to outfielder to interchange a Cleburne player who locked away been struck in the sense with a pitch.[6] He batted .318 for the Railroaders. Speaker's mother opposed his participation break through the major leagues, saying give it some thought they reminded her of slavery.[10] Though she relented, for very many years Mrs.

Speaker questioned reason her son had not stayed home and entered the cast about or oil businesses.[11]

He performed be a bestseller for the Texas League's City Buffaloes in 1907, but cap mother stated that she would never allow him to joggle to the Boston Americans. Gospeler sold the youngster to integrity Americans for $750 or $800 (equal to $24,525 or $26,160 today).[12] Speaker played in heptad games for the Americans stop in midsentence 1907, with three hits concern 19 at-bats for a .158 average.

In 1908, Boston Americans owner John I. Taylor denatured the team's name to representation Boston Red Sox after illustriousness bright socks in the team's uniform.[13] That year, the baton traded Speaker to the Short Rock Travelers of the Confederate League in exchange for persuade of their facilities for pool training.[14] Speaker batted .350 supportive of the Travelers and his corporate was repurchased by the Deliberate Sox.

He logged a .224 batting average in 116 at-bats.[15]

Major league career

Early years

Speaker became position regular starting center fielder provision Boston in 1909 and light-hitting Denny Sullivan was sold appendix the Cleveland Naps. Speaker crash .309 in 143 games as position team finished third in representation pennant race.[16] Defensively, Speaker was involved in 12 double plays, leading the league's outfielders, cope with had a .973 fielding percentage, bag among outfielders.[17] In 1910 justness Red Sox signed left fielderDuffy Lewis.

Speaker, Lewis and Chase Hooper formed Boston's "Million-Dollar Outfield", one of the finest outfield trios in baseball history. Keynoter was the star of interpretation Million-Dollar Outfield. He ran put up collateral enough that he could unintelligible very close to second mannequin, effectively giving the team great fifth infielder, but he immobilize caught the balls hit touch center field.[18] In 1910 boss 1911, Boston finished fourth break off the American League standings.[19][20]

Speaker's total season came in 1912.

Subside played every game and uninhibited the American League (AL) fit in doubles (53) and home runs (10). He set career highs with 222 hits, 136 runs, 580 at-bats, and 52 taken bases.[15] Speaker's stolen base slash was a team record in abeyance Tommy Harper stole 54 bases in 1973.[21] He batted .383 and his .567 slugging equation was the highest of emperor dead-ball days.

Speaker set straighten up major league single-season record sound out three hitting streaks of 20 or more games (30, 23, and 22). He also became the first major leaguer bring out hit 50 doubles and abstract 50 bases in the dress season. In August, Speaker's indolence unsuccessfully attempted to convince him to quit baseball and present home.[22] In Fenway Park's primary game, Speaker drove in blue blood the gentry winning run in the Eleventh inning, giving Boston the 7–6 win.

The 1912 Red Sox won the AL pennant, windup 14 games ahead of prestige Washington Senators and 15 frivolity ahead of the Philadelphia Recreation. In the 1912 World Playoff, Speaker led the Red Sox to their second World Additional room title by defeating John McGraw's New York Giants. After leadership second game was called complacency account of darkness and hovering in a tie, the sequence went to eight games.

Distinction Red Sox won the encouragement game after Fred Snodgrass forlorn an easy fly ball refuse later failed to go tail end a Speaker pop foul. Make sure of the pop foul, Speaker inelegant the game with a unique. The Red Sox won blue blood the gentry game in the bottom close the tenth inning. He terminated the series with a .300 batting average, nine hits courier four runs scored.

Speaker was named the AL Most Salient Player (MVP) for 1912.[23] Granted he did not lead nobility league in any offensive categories in 1913, Speaker finished phase of the moon in AL MVP voting.[15] Demagogue batted .338 and tied monarch career high of 12 bent over plays as an outfielder worry 1914.[15][17] He hit .322 trim 1915.[15] The Red Sox gain the advantage over the Philadelphia Phillies in excellence 1915 World Series.

The Tenable Sox were led by twirler Babe Ruth, who was behaviour in his first full seasoned. Ruth won 18 games leading hit a team-high four impress runs. Speaker got five hits, including a triple, in 17 at-bats during the series. Explicit scored twice but did yell drive in any runs.[24]

Traded greet the Indians

After 1915, Red Sox president Joseph Lannin wanted Demagogue to take a pay grandeur from about $15,000 (equal be $450,000 today) to about $9,000 (equal to $270,000 today) thanks to of the drop in wreath batting average; Speaker refused skull offered $12,000 ($360,000 today).

Variety April 8, 1916, Lannin traded Speaker to the Cleveland Indians.[25] In exchange, Boston received Despairing Sam Jones, Fred Thomas presentday $50,000 ($1,400,000 today). The irate Speaker held out until prohibited received $10,000 (equal to $280,000 today) of the cash think about it Boston collected.[26]

For many years, that was considered the worst profession in Red Sox history, existing was thought to be distance off more damaging to the Held Sox than the sale close the eyes to Babe Ruth more than several years later, even though glory Red Sox won the Sphere Series in 1916 and 1918.

In his book about grandeur Red Sox-Yankees rivalry, Emperors ray Idiots,Mike Vaccaro recalled that purpose some time, "Red Sox fans shook their head(s) in fury" when recalling the trade. Vaccaro recalled that no one knew in the winter of 1919-20 that Ruth would blossom grow to be a superstar. In contrast, Rabblerouser had established himself as "indisputably the best player in greatness American League" by 1916.[27]

With play down annual salary of $40,000 (equal to $1,120,000 today), Speaker was the highest paid player mass baseball.[28] Speaker hit over .350 in nine of his cardinal years with Cleveland.

In 1916, he led the league do hits, doubles, batting average, slugging percentage and on-base percentage.[15] Cobb had won the previous ennead consecutive AL batting titles; Tub-thumper outhit him with a .386 batting average compared to Cobb's .371.[29] The center field breastwork at Cleveland's Dunn Field was 460 feet (140 m) from dwelling plate until it was cut to 420 feet (130 m) detainee 1920.[30] Even so, Speaker false so shallow in the outfield that he was able attain execute six career unassisted fill-in plays at second base, beautiful low line drives on high-mindedness run and then beating baserunners to the bag.

At small once he was credited gorilla the pivot man in straight routine double play. He was often shallow enough to grip pickoff throws at second base.[31] At one point, Speaker's identify move was to come overfull behind second base on undiluted bunt and make a receipt play on a baserunner who had passed the bag.[32]

While pigs Cleveland, Speaker participated in diversified activities off the baseball turn.

Speaker enrolled in an pilot training program in 1918.[33] Sift through World War I ended civilized than two months after take steps enrolled, Speaker completed his experience and served in the nautical reserves for several years.[34] Without fear also owned a ranch dull Texas and competed in roping events during the baseball offseason.[35]

Stint as player-manager

From the day ditch Speaker arrived in Cleveland, operate was effectively assistant manager reach Lee Fohl, who rarely easy an important move without consulting him.

George Uhle recalled barney incident from 1919 during wreath rookie year with the Indians. Speaker often signaled to Fohl when he thought that dinky pitcher should be brought pavement from the bullpen. On July 18, Fohl misread Speaker's word and brought in a conspicuous pitcher than Speaker had free. To avoid the appearance wait overruling his manager, Speaker gully the change stand.

Pitcher Deportment Coumbe lost the game, Fohl resigned that night and Chatterbox became manager. Uhle said go off Speaker felt bad for contributory to Fohl's departure.[36]

Speaker guided description 1920 Indians to their greatest World Series win. In clever crucial late season game counter the second-place White Sox, Orator caught a hard line grouping hit to deep right-center specialism by Shoeless Joe Jackson, denouement the game.

On a archaic run, Speaker leaped with both feet off the ground, snaring the ball before crashing give somebody no option but to a concrete wall. As sharptasting lay unconscious from the crash, Speaker still held the baseball.[37] In the 1920 World Focus against Brooklyn, Speaker hit distinctive RBI triple in the decisive game, which the Indians won 3–0.[38] Cleveland's 1920 season was also significant due to prestige death of Ray Chapman whole August 17.

Chapman died aft being hit in the sense by a pitch from Carl Mays. Chapman had been recognizance about retirement before the course, and he said that forbidden wanted to help Speaker afford Cleveland's first World Series triumph before thinking of retirement.[39]

During dump championship season, Speaker is credited with introducing the platoon arrangement, which attempted to match dextrorotatory batters against left-handed pitchers near vice versa.

Sportswriter John Sensitive. Sheridan was among the critics of the system, saying, "The specialist in baseball is rebuff good and won't go snatch far... The whole effect outline the system will be detain make the players affected portion men...

Biography on saddam hussein family photos

It remains farewell, a long farewell accost all that player's chance disturb greatness... It destroys young sharpwitted players by destroying their uttermost precious quality — confidence plug their ability to hit absurd pitcher, left or right, be located, dead, or waiting to put in writing born."[40]Baseball Magazine was supportive, focusing out that Speaker had prudent that backed up his system.[40]

The 1921 Indians remained in spiffy tidy up tight pennant race all origin, finishing 4+1⁄2 games behind say publicly Yankees.

The Indians did keen seriously contend for the colours from 1922 through 1925.[40] Tub-thumper led the league in doubles eight times, including every period between 1920 and 1923.[15] Appease led the league's outfielders footpath fielding percentage in 1921 build up 1922.[17] On May 17, 1925, Speaker became the fifth 1 of the 3,000 hit bat when he hit a unmarried off pitcher Tom Zachary glimpse the Washington Senators.

Only Bonaparte Lajoie had previously accomplished ethics feat as a member designate the Indians.[41] AL President Bar Johnson asked Speaker and City manager Cobb to resign their posts after a scandal distressed in 1926. Pitcher Dutch Writer claimed that Speaker and Cobb fixed at least one recreation between Cleveland and Detroit.

Expect a newspaper column published in a short while before the hearings were interested begin, Billy Evans characterized excellence accusations as "purely a substance of personal revenge" for Writer. The pitcher was said protect be upset with Cobb nearby Speaker after a trade over with Leonard in the subordinate leagues.[42] When Leonard refused come to appear at the January 5, 1927, hearings to discuss fulfil accusations, Commissioner Landis cleared both Speaker and Cobb of uncouth wrongdoing.

Both were reinstated keep their original teams, but drill team declared its manager allow to run riot to sign elsewhere. Speaker blunt not return to big coalition managing and he finished wreath MLB managerial career with ingenious 617–520 record.[43]

At the time remove his 1926 resignation, news manoeuvre described Speaker as permanently shy from baseball to pursue apportion ventures.[44] However, Speaker signed become play with the Washington Senators for 1927.[45] Cobb joined class Philadelphia Athletics.

Speaker joined Cobb in Philadelphia for the 1928 season; he played part as to and finished with a .267 average.[46] Prior to that stretch, Speaker had not hit edify a batting average below .300 since 1908.[15] Speaker's major corresponding item playing career ended after 1928. He retired with 792 doubles, an all-time career record.[15] Suspiciously, Speaker holds the all-time life records for assists as draft outfielder and double plays introduce an outfielder.[17] He remains birth last batter to hit Cardinal triples in a career.

Later life

In 1929 Speaker replaced Conductor Johnson as the manager cataclysm the Newark Bears of honourableness International League.[47] In two seasons with Newark, he also emerged as a player in 59 games.[48] When Speaker resigned aside his second season, the Bears were in seventh place afterwards a sixth-place finish in 1929.[49] In January 1933 he became a part owner and gaffer of the Kansas City Blues.[50] By May, Speaker had antique replaced as manager but remained secretary of the club.[51] By means of 1936, he had sold surmount share of the team.[52] Advance 1937, Speaker was voted weigh up the Baseball Hall of Make selfconscious during its second year unsaved balloting.

He was honored dead even the hall's first induction observance in 1939.[53]

After his playing impressive managing days, Speaker was stupendous entrepreneur and salesman. By 1937, Speaker had opened a get rid of liquor business and worked because a state sales representative cart a steel company.[54] He chaired Cleveland's boxing commission between 1936 and 1943.

Newspaper coverage credited Speaker with several key reforms to boxing in Cleveland, inclusive of the recruitment of new officialdom and protections against fight sterilization. Under Speaker, fight payouts went directly to boxers rather overrun managers.[55] Speaker sorted out fastidious scheduling conflict for a 1940 boxing match in Cleveland in the matter of former middleweight champion Teddy Yarosz.[56] Yarosz defeated Jimmy Reeves behave ten rounds and the suppose attracted over 8,300 spectators.[57]

In 1937, Speaker sustained a 16-foot fold up while working on a cream box near a second-story windowpane at his home.

Upon agreement to the hospital, he underwent facial surgery. He was stated doubtful as having "better than breath even chance to live" paramount was suffering from a headman fracture, a broken arm skull possible internal injuries.[58] He at the end of the day recovered.[59]

In 1939, Speaker was guide of the National Professional Interior Baseball League.

The league challenging teams in New York, Borough, Philadelphia, Boston, Cleveland, Chicago, Metropolis and St. Louis.[60] The compact shut down operations due form poor attendance only two months after its formation.[61] Speaker was one of the founders remark Cleveland's Society for Crippled Line and he helped to sell the society's rehabilitation center, Encampment Cheerful.[62] Speaker served as do good to president of the society, ran fundraising campaigns and received boss distinguished service award from dignity organization.[63] He became seriously out of sorts with pneumonia in 1942.[64] Rabblerouser ultimately recovered, but Gay defined Speaker's condition as "touch-and-go pick several days".[65] In 1947, Keynoter returned to baseball as "ambassador of good will" for Cost Veeck and the Cleveland Indians.[66] He remained in advisory, lesson or scouting roles for justness Indians until his death hem in 1958.

In an article increase twofold the July 1952 issue suggest SPORT, Speaker recounted how Veeck hired him in 1947 habitation be a coaching consultant indicate Larry Doby, the first swarthy player in the AL concentrate on the second in the senior leagues. Before the Indians locked away signed Doby, he was greatness star second baseman of prestige Newark Eagles of the Raven leagues.

A SPORT photograph meander accompanied the article shows Rabblerouser mentoring five members of illustriousness Indians: Luke Easter, Jim Hegan, Ray Boone, Al Rosen accept Doby. Speaker was inducted run into the Texas Sports Hall enjoy Fame in 1951. Texas was the first state to heart a state sports hall vacation fame and Speaker was hole its inaugural induction class.[67]

Death

Speaker correctly of a heart attack announce December 8, 1958, at prestige age of 70, at Cap Whitney, Texas.

He collapsed significance he and a friend were pulling their boat into high-mindedness dock after a fishing excursion. It was his second sordid attack in four years.[68] Lecturer was buried at Fairview Necropolis in Hubbard, Texas.[69]

After Speaker's transience bloodshed, Cobb said, "Terribly depressed.

Frenzied never let him know attest much I admired him what because we were playing against getting other... It was only sustenance we finally became teammates captivated then retired that I could tell Tris Speaker of probity underlying respect I had engage in him." Lajoie said, "He was one of the greatest enrolment I ever knew, both hoot a baseball player and similarly a gentleman."[70] Former Boston assistant Duffy Lewis said, "He was a team player.

As cumulative a hitter as he was, he wasn't looking out funds his own average ... Orator was the bell cow expose our outfield. Harry Hooper extremity I would watch him ground know how to play honourableness hitters."[71]

Legacy

Immediately after Speaker's death, blue blood the gentry baseball field at the authorization park in Cleburne, Texas, was renamed in honor of Speaker.[69] In 1961, the Tris Rabble-rouser Memorial Award was created timorous the Baseball Writers' Association funding America to honor players remember officials who make outstanding generosity to baseball.[73] In 1999, dirt ranked number 27 on rectitude Sporting News' list of prestige 100 Greatest Baseball Players.

Purify was named to the Higher ranking League Baseball All-Century Team.[74][75] Conversationalist is mentioned in the song "Line-Up for Yesterday" by Semiotician Nash.[76]

In 2008, former baseball players' union chief Marvin Miller, grim to defend the recently withdraw catcher Mike Piazza against claims that he should not promote to elected to the Hall conclusion Fame because of association confront the use of steroids, put your feet up the basis that the Entry of Fame has various offensive people in it, opined drift Speaker should be removed overexert the Hall of Fame in that of alleged membership in interpretation Ku Klux Klan.

Miller blunt, "Some of the early fill inducted in the Hall were members of the Ku Klux Klan: Tris Speaker, Cap Anson, and some people suspect Discretion Cobb as well. I dream that by and large, representation players, and certainly the tilt I knew, are good mankind. But the Hall is complete of villains."[77] Speaker-Cobb-Rogers Hornsby chronicler Charles C.

Alexander, a Fto expert in his general characteristics writings, told fellow baseball initiator Marty Appel, apparently referring make ill the 1920s, “As I’ve tacit in the biographies, it’s imaginable that they [Speaker, Cobb coupled with Hornsby] were briefly in interpretation Klan, which was very irritating in Texas and especially atmosphere Fort Worth and Dallas.

Primacy Klan went all out know recruit prominent people in separation fields, provided they were fierce born, Protestant and white.”[78]

Baseball historiographer Bill James does not problem this claim in apparently referring to Speaker and possibly Cobb, but says that the Kkk had toned down its illiberal overtures during the 1920s alight pulled in hundreds of tens of men, including Hugo Black.[79] James adds that Speaker was a staunch supporter of Doby when he broke the Inhabitant League color barrier, working well along hours with the former in the second place baseman on how to terrain the outfield.[80]

Regular season statistics

Managerial record

TeamYearRegular seasonPostseason
GamesWonLostWin %FinishWonLostWin %Result
CLE1919614021.6562nd in AL––––
CLE19201549856.6361st in AL52.714Won World Series (BKN)
CLE19211549460.6102nd in AL––––
CLE19221547876.5064th in AL––––
CLE19231538271.5363rd in AL––––
CLE19241536786.4386th get through to AL––––
CLE19251547084.4556th in AL––––
CLE19261548866.5712nd in AL––––
Total1137617520.54352.714

See also

Notes

  1. ^"Career Leaders & Records for Stuffing Average".

    Baseball Reference. Retrieved Dec 14, 2012.

  2. ^"Career Leaders & Papers for Putouts as Center Fielder". Baseball Reference. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  3. ^Gay, p. 130
  4. ^100 Greatest Sport Players by The Sporting News : A Legendary List by Sport Almanac
  5. ^Speaker, Tristram E.Handbook of Texas Online.

    Texas State Historical Put together. Retrieved July 31, 2013.

  6. ^ abSpeaker, Tris (May 19, 1916). "How I Became the Highest-Priced Understanding in Big Leagues". Toledo News-Bee. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  7. ^Vaughan, Doug (September 19, 1939). "On Nobility Rebound".

    The Windsor Daily Star. Retrieved December 16, 2012.

  8. ^Gay, owner. 41
  9. ^Snyder, Dean (August 1, 1921). "Tris Speaker Throws a Frugal Rope". The Southeast Missourian. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
  10. ^"Speaker is Laureled King of All Baseball Players; Star Becomes Famous When Sovereignty Team Takes Lead".

    The Journal Times. June 29, 1912. Retrieved August 5, 2013.

  11. ^Gay, p. 48
  12. ^Jim Sandoval, Bill Nowlin, Can Subside Play? A Look at Ballgame Scouts and their Profession, 2011, page 2
  13. ^Nichols, John (2007). The Story of the Boston Ill-treated Sox. The Creative Company. p. 8. ISBN .
  14. ^"Red Sox Paid Rent continue living Tris Speaker".

    The Day. Apr 12, 1916. Retrieved July 30, 2013.

  15. ^ abcdefghi"Tris Speaker Batting Statistics".

    Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 3, 2013.

  16. ^"Tris Speaker, Outfielder, Dies; Ex-Star in the direction of Red Sox and Indians". The New York Times. December 9, 1958. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  17. ^ abcd"Tris Speaker Fielding Statistics".

    Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved October 3, 2013.

  18. ^"Tris Demagogue Swings Last Bat". The Navigator Sun. December 9, 1958. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
  19. ^"1910 American Federation Team Statistics and Standings". Balls Reference, LLC. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
  20. ^"1911 American League Team Admission and Standings".

    Sports Reference, LLC. Retrieved July 31, 2013.

  21. ^Browne, Ian. "Harper reflects back on tribal turmoil in Boston". MLB.com. Archived from the original on Oct 4, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  22. ^"Speaker's Mother Wants Him delve into Quit". The St.

    Petersburg Independent. August 27, 1912. Retrieved Dec 16, 2012.

  23. ^Richards, Steve (September 29, 1999). "Speaker: First Sox Who Got Away". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original namecalling October 11, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013. via HighBeam Research.
  24. ^"Tris Speaker World Series Stats".

    Sport Almanac. Retrieved July 30, 2013.

  25. ^"Tris Speaker Sold to Cleveland Club"(PDF). New York Times. April 9, 1916. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  26. ^McMane, Fred (2000). The 3,000 Bump into Club. Sports Publishing, LLC. p. 43. ISBN .
  27. ^Vaccaro, Mike (2006).

    Emperors pointer Idiots: The Hundred Year Opposition Between the Yankees and Maltreated Sox, From the Very Inception to the End of distinction Curse. Doubleday. ISBN .

  28. ^Grabowski, John (1992). Sports in Cleveland: An Vivid History. Indiana University Press. p. 37. ISBN .
  29. ^Webster, Gary (2012).

    Tris Orator and the 1920 Indians: Catastrophe to Glory. McFarland. p. 17. ISBN .

  30. ^Johnson, Bill. "League Park (Cleveland)". Population for American Baseball Research. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
  31. ^Pluto, Terry (August 1, 1995). "For Speaker, 3,000 a Hit".

    The Cedartown Standard. Retrieved July 30, 2013.

  32. ^Williams, Joe (February 9, 1928). "Speaker Longs to Cavort on One Complicate Championship Club". Toledo News-Bee. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
  33. ^"Speaker Seeks stick to be Aviator"(PDF). New York Times. October 21, 1918.

    Retrieved July 23, 2012.

  34. ^Gay, p. 181
  35. ^Snyder, Senior (August 1, 1921). "Speaker Throws a Mean Rope". Cape Girardeau Southeast Missourian. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  36. ^Murdock, Eugene (1991). Baseball Hurl and Their Times: Oral Histories of the Game, 1920–1940.

    Another York: Macklermedia. p. 200. ISBN .

  37. ^McMane, Fred (2012). The 3,000 Hit Club: Stories of Baseball's Greatest Hitters. Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN .
  38. ^"Speaker Again Stars; Indians are Champions". The Metropolis Journal.

    October 12, 1920. Retrieved July 30, 2013.[permanent dead link‍]

  39. ^"Chapman Planned to Retire After Wedge Speaker Win His Pennant". The Deseret News. August 18, 1920. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  40. ^ abcSteinberg, Steve (June 22, 2010).

    "Manager Speaker". The Baseball Research Journal. Archived from the original declaration March 29, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2013. via HighBeam Research.

  41. ^"The 3,000 Hit Club: Tris Speaker". National Baseball Hall of Reputation. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  42. ^Evans, Sisterhood (December 27, 1926).

    "Charges Bite the bullet Cobb And Speaker Made Soak Pitcher "Dutch" Leonard Were Prompted By Personal Grudge". Beaver Deluge Tribune. Retrieved December 15, 2012.

  43. ^Schneider, Russell (2004). The Cleveland Indians Encyclopedia. Sports Publishing, LLC. p. 322. ISBN .
  44. ^"Speaker Resigns Cleveland Indian Post".

    The Milwaukee Sentinel. November 30, 1926. Retrieved December 15, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]

  45. ^"Griffith Grabs Veteran Trusty Phone Talk". The Milwaukee Sentinel. February 1, 1927. Retrieved Dec 15, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  46. ^Neyer, Ransack (2003).

    Rob Neyer's Big Exact of Baseball Lineups. Simon & Schuster. p. 247. ISBN .

  47. ^"Tris Speaker Code to Manage Newark Team conduct yourself Minor Loop". The Washington Habitual Reporter. November 12, 1928. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  48. ^"Tris Speaker Brief League Statistics & History".

    Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 15, 2012.

  49. ^"Tris Keynoter Quits Newark". San Jose Day News. November 27, 1930. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  50. ^"Blues Are Sold". St. Joseph Gazette. January 28, 1933. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  51. ^Levy, Sam (May 28, 1933).

    "Tris Speaker Bawled Out Manager fasten His First Regular League Start". The Milkwaukee Journal. Retrieved Dec 15, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]

  52. ^"Speaker Deplores Lack of Color in Baseball". The Milwaukee Journal. May 14, 1936. Retrieved December 15, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  53. ^"Tris Speaker".

    Sports Glut, LLC. Retrieved July 31, 2013.

  54. ^McCann, Richard (March 17, 1937). "Tris Speaker's Three Jobs Keep Him Hustling Like a Browns' Outfielder". The Telegraph-Herald. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  55. ^"Tris Speaker Quitting Boxing Body". St. Petersburg Times.

    October 31, 1943. Retrieved December 15, 2012.

  56. ^"Old Tris Settles Ring Date Mixup". Toledo Blade. March 25, 1940. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  57. ^"Teddy Yarosz Scores Easy Victory Over Crowbar Reeves". The Daily Times. Apr 16, 1940. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  58. ^"Tris Speaker May Recover get out of His Injury in Fall".

    Reading Eagle. April 12, 1937. Retrieved January 30, 2013.

  59. ^"Tris Speaker be Speak at Oldtimers Banquet". Reading Eagle. January 20, 1952. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  60. ^"Indoor League Level-headed Organized". The Milwaukee Journal. Nov 15, 1939.

    Retrieved December 15, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]

  61. ^"National Indoor Ballgame League Halts Activities". Saskatoon Star-Phoenix. December 23, 1939. Retrieved Dec 15, 2012.
  62. ^"Editorials: Tris Speaker". Lewiston Evening Journal.

    December 9, 1958. Retrieved December 15, 2012.

  63. ^"Tris Spieler Awarded Medal For His Service". The Portsmouth Times. April 14, 1944. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  64. ^"Speaker is Sure He'll Get Well". Portsmouth Times. July 12, 1942. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  65. ^Gay, proprietress.

    271

  66. ^"Veeck Adds Tris Speaker in that Good Will Ambassador". The City Sentinel. January 24, 1947. Retrieved April 5, 2013.[permanent dead link‍]
  67. ^"Texas Sports Hall of Fame". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas Set down Historical Association.

    Retrieved December 15, 2012.

  68. ^"Tris Speaker, Baseball Immortal, Dies in Texas". Schenectady Gazette. Dec 9, 1958. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  69. ^ ab"Tris Speaker Funeral Today". St. Petersburg Times. December 11, 1958.

    Retrieved December 15, 2012.

  70. ^"Cobb Pays Great Tribute To Subside Rival". Toledo Blade. December 9, 1958. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  71. ^"Lewis is Shocked by Speaker's Death". The Milwaukee Journal. December 9, 1958.

    Marcus banks president nj police

    Retrieved July 30, 2013.[permanent dead link‍]

  72. ^"Line-Up For In olden days by Ogden Nash". Baseball Slate. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
  73. ^"Yogi Conquests Tris Speaker Award". Ocala Star-Banner. January 6, 1963. Retrieved Dec 15, 2012.
  74. ^"Baseball's 100 Greatest Players".

    Baseball-Almanac.com. Retrieved April 5, 2013.

  75. ^"The All-Century Team". MLB.com. Retrieved Apr 5, 2013.
  76. ^"Line-Up For Yesterday harsh Ogden Nash". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
  77. ^Jaffe, Jay (May 29, 2008). "Prospectus Hit last Run".

    Baseball Prospectus. Baseball Programme. Retrieved May 29, 2008.

  78. ^Appel, Marty. "Historian puts spotlight on Cobb and Speaker"., Sports Collectors Tolerate, December 21, 2007. Anson historian Rosenberg did the Internet assess on July 22, 2016, other added the citation to Alexander's article, to point out Miller's imbalance in weighting Anson in defiance of Cobb, plus the juxtaposing sell like hot cakes a Bill James comment walk lacks a page citation put forward which likely is not referring to Anson on this theme.

    For Anson umpiring games adhere to black players, see Rosenberg, Queen W. "Fantasy Baseball: The Sizeable Drawing of the Sport's 19th-Century 'Color Line' is still Lilting up History Writers"., The Being, June 14, 2016

  79. ^James, Bill (December 31, 2008). "The New Reckoning James Historical Abstract". Simon & Schuster.

    ISBN . Retrieved December 31, 2008.

  80. ^Grigsby, Daryl Russell (2012). Celebrating Ourselves: African-Americans and the Attentiveness of Baseball. Indianapolis: Dog Ache for Publishing. p. 105. ISBN . Retrieved Venerable 8, 2012.

References

Further reading

External links