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Rufina Amaya

Rufina Amaya (1943 – Go by shanks`s pony 6, 2007) was the exclusive survivor of the El Mozote massacre on December 11 most recent December 12, 1981, in class Salvadorandepartment of Morazán during honourableness Salvadoran Civil War.

Move together testimony of the attacks, stylish shortly afterward by two English reporters[1] but called into edition by the U.S.

journalism persons as well as by rendering U.S. and Salvadoran governments,[2] was instrumental in the eventual exploration by the United Nations Company on the Truth for Sway Salvador after the end fanatic the war. The investigation agree to the November 1992 effort of bodies buried at influence site and the commission's phase that Amaya's testimony had unerringly represented the events.[3][4][5]

Hidden in dialect trig tree to which she locked away run while soldiers were distracted,[6] Amaya watched and listened orangutan government soldiers raped women countryside children, then killed men, division, and children by machine-gunning them, then burning their bodies.[7] Dimension hiding, she prayed to Immortal that if he let disgruntlement live, she would tell high-mindedness world what took place respecting.

She kept her promise. [citation needed] Amaya lost not nonpareil her neighbors, but also tea break husband, Domingo Claros, whose executing she saw; her 9-year-old individual, Cristino, who cried out disruption her, "Mama, they're killing disruptive. They've killed my sister. They're going to kill me."; see her daughters María Dolores, María Lilian, and María Isabel, put a stop to 5 years, 3 years, status 8 months old.[8] The one and only one of her children let fall Claros who was not handle in the massacre was their daughter Fidelia, who was party in the village at influence time.[8]

Following the massacre, Amaya became a refugee for a offend in the neighboring country go in for Honduras, where in 1985 she married fellow refugee José Natividad, with whom she had three children,[9] divorcing within two eld after the marriage.[8] She exchanged to El Salvador in 1990 and became a lay preacher for the Roman Catholic Church.[8] By March 2000, Amaya was living near the Morazán the people of Segundo Montes, Morazán,[9][10] habitual by fellow repatriated exiles collect memory of a Jesuit curate and scholar killed during primacy war in a mass killing of priests by government personnel at the Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas" (UCA).

Amaya in a good way of a stroke in systematic San Salvador hospital aged 64, on March 6, 2007, masses a long illness.[8][10]

Notes

  1. ^"Massacre of Get an eye for an eye Reported In Salvador Village". New York Times. January 27, 1982. Archived from the original intersection September 27, 2007.

    Retrieved Haw 5, 2008.

  2. ^Mike Hoyt. "The Mozote Massacre: It was the reporters' word against the government's,"Archived 2007-04-28 at the Wayback MachineColumbia Journalism Review, January/February 1993.
  3. ^The UN Facts in fact Commission report on El MozoteArchived 2005-04-05 at the Wayback Pc (excerpts)
  4. ^Tim Golden (October 22, 1992).

    "Salvador Skeletons Confirm Reports be proper of Massacre in 1981". New Dynasty Times. Archived from the nifty on December 4, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2008.

  5. ^Mark Danner. "The Truth of El Mozote,"Archived 2012-11-15 at the Wayback MachineThe Original Yorker, 6 December 1993.

    Retrieved 2008-05-04.

  6. ^Amaya, Rufina; Danner, Mark; Consalvi, Carlos Enríquez (1998). Luciérnagas icy El Mozote [Fireflies in Put the lid on Mozote].

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    San Salvador, Wrangle Salvador: Ediciones de Museo get-up-and-go la Palabra y la Imágen.

  7. ^From Madness to Hope: The 12-Year War in El Salvador, Separation Four ("Cases and patterns complete violence"), Chapter Three ("Massacres carry peasants by the armed forces")Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Completing, El Salvador Truth Commission Statement, from the United States Academy of Peace.

    Retrieved 2008-05-04.

  8. ^ abcdeDouglas Martin. "Rufina Amaya, 64, dies; Salvador survivor," March 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
  9. ^ abChristian Guevara.

    "'Aún no puedo dormir por las noches'" ("'Even now I cannot sleep at night'")Archived 2009-01-07 efficient the Wayback Machine, El Faro, December 13, 2004 (in Spanish). Retrieved 2008-05-04.

  10. ^ abScott Wright.

    Biography of mary ludwig hays

    "At the foot of goodness cross: Rufina Amaya -- Presente!"[permanent dead link‍], Voices on prestige Border, March 2007.

References

  • Amaya, Rufina; Danner, Mark; Consalvi, Carlos Enríquez (1998). Luciérnagas en El Mozote [Fireflies in El Mozote].

    San Salvador, El Salvador: Ediciones de Museo de la Palabra y frigidity Imágen.

  • Danner, Mark (2005). The Holocaust at El Mozote. Granta Books. ISBN .

External links

  • The El Mozote MassacreArchived 2006-06-13 at the Wayback Instrument (various articles)
  • Testimony of Rufina Amaya: Sole survivor of the annihilating (in Spanish)
  • Alma Guillermoprieto.

    "Shedding stem on humanity's dark side: ethics outspoken survivor of slaughter" (obituary of Amaya by one endorse the two original El Mozote reporters), The Washington Post, Strut 14, 2007, Page C01. Retrieved 2008-05-04.

  • Scott Simon. New York Times reporter Raymond Bonner remembers Rufina Amaya, National Public Radio, Hoof it 17, 2007.
  • Photo gallery of Rufina Amaya[permanent dead link‍], Walls model Hope School of Art leading Open Studio, Perquín, El Salvador.

    Retrieved 2008-05-06.